The Scientific Council is requested to: a) develop, subject to the availability of resources, guidance for the assessment of cumulative effects on migratory species, including the establishment of common standards and methodologies suitable for application across CMS Parties, which should include: i. an assessment of the current terminology used in the context of CEAs and recommendations for a harmonized vocabulary, including clear definitions of ‘cumulative effects’, ‘cumulative effects assessment’, ‘pressures’ and other key terms, for use across CMS guidance and other international frameworks; ii. advice on when and how migratory species should be assessed within CEAs, and best practices, including those specific to challenging contexts such as marine environments, or species- or sector-specific challenges; iii. consideration of technological advances relevant to CEA methodologies, including the potential use of artificial intelligence, machine learning and other innovative tools to support the assessment and interpretation of cumulative effects, as well as advice on the applicability and limitations of such technologies, outlining potential use cases and associated data or capacity requirements; iv. recommendations for adapting existing CEA frameworks to better accommodate the needs of migratory species; b) in collaboration with its Expert Working Group on Animal Culture and Social Complexity, investigate the potential of social impact assessment methodologies for understanding impacts of human activities on social structure and culture of migratory species.