Although the Great Bustard was once common and widespread in Asia, today likely only approximately 500-1000 Western Great Bustards (Otis tarda tarda) and 1300-2200 Eastern Great Bustards (Otis tarda dybowskii) remain on the continent. The Western Great Bustard persists in larger numbers in the Iberian Peninsula, Central Europe, and the Lower Volga River Region of the Russian Federation. The presence of these European populations justifies the global evaluation of the Great Bustard as Vulnerable (A3cd+4cd) by IUCN (BirdLife International 2019), though recent studies find the Volga population to also be suffering acute declines (Oparin & Oparina 2020). However, the Eastern Great Bustard, which exhibits genetic and morphological differentiation from the Western (Kessler et al. 2018), is distributed only within the area covered by this Action Plan.