About 100,000 Asiatic wild ass or khulan still roam the drylands of Eurasia. The largest remaining interconnected population is found in the Mongolian Gobi, where an estimated 86,000 khulan – constituting over 80% of the global population – are found. In the Mongolian Gobi, khulan roam across thousands of kilometers and their movements are among the longest reported for terrestrial mammals both globally and nationally. Annual or bi-annual ranges of individual khulan (expressed as minimum convex polygons) vary based on biogeographic region and landscape dynamics, but average 30,000 km2 in the South Gobi Region, and can be as large as 60,000 km2. Nomadism in combination with a flexible fission-fusion social system enables khulan to make the most of the scarce resources in the unpredictable Gobi environment, which is prone to extremes. Contrary to range-resident species, khulan can buffer the effect of local or temporary resourcepoor seasons by moving to less affected areas. However, this need for large-scale movements also makes them vulnerable to landscape fragmentation and linear barriers such as the Trans-Mongolian Railway built in the 1950s. This railway, stretching from border to border, now constrains the eastern boundary of the species distribution range.